The Simla Agreement, signed on July 2, 1972, by India and Pakistan, has been the pillar of strength in handling bilateral relations, particularly the controversial topic of Kashmir, for decades. Recently, the situation brought the Simla Agreement into the spotlight. In April 2025, Pakistan abrogated the Simla Agreement because of India’s reaction to a deadly militant attack in Indian-occupied Kashmir. The move has severe consequences for the tense relations between the two nuclear neighbours.
The 1971 Indo-Pak War was the most important war in the subcontinent’s history. It was triggered by the East Pakistani civil war (present-day Bangladesh), and the war saw India join the battle in favour of the Bengali independence movement. The war concluded in the defeat of Pakistan when its army had to surrender over 93,000 soldiers to the Indian military. East Pakistan was transformed into the newly created country of Bangladesh, as Pakistan politically lost and was rendered weak by the military.
After this crushing defeat, Pakistan was avoided by the rest of the world and politically destabilised internally. Its prime minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, went about restoring the honour of the country, resuming diplomatic ties with India, and working out the return of its prisoners of war. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, her spirits buoyed by victory, set about taking advantage of the moment to bring perpetual peace to the subcontinent.
The pact was considered to be a political gesture of avoiding war and promoting peace in South Asia.
In April 2025, there had been a militant assault in the Indian-administered Kashmir Pahalgam area that had claimed the lives of 26 people, 24 of whom were Indian tourists. India attributed the assault to Pakistan’s cross-border terrorism despite lacking concrete evidence that was put before the public forum. India engaged in a number of retaliatory measures:
As a countermeasure, Pakistan suspended the Simla Agreement, closed its airspace to Indian aircraft, and put out a warning against diversion of shared water resources, referring to them as acts of war.
Suspension of the Simla Agreement marks a decline in India-Pakistan relations. The Agreement was for a long time a benchmark for peaceful dialogue and the settlement of disputes. Suspension of the Agreement denies India a valuable diplomatic weapon, thereby increasing the dangers of miscalculations and escalation.
One of the fundamental principles of the Simla Agreement was to settle issues bilaterally. With its suspension, Pakistan would attempt to internationalise the Kashmir issue and approach such forums as the United Nations. This would render India’s long-standing contention that the issue of Kashmir is bilateral more challenging.
Suspension of the agreement also questions the sanctity of the LOC. In the absence of a common commitment to honour the LOC, the likelihood of skirmishes and military operations grows, leading to further destabilisation of the region.
The Indus Waters Treaty has been a symbol of cooperation between the two countries, even during war. Suspension of the treaty and suspension of the Simla Agreement can lead to water-sharing conflicts, affecting agriculture and livelihood, particularly in Pakistan, which is heavily reliant on the Indus River system.
This is not the first time that the Simla Agreement has been put under pressure. In 1999, when the Kargil war was fought, and in 2001, after the Indian Parliament attack, the principles of the agreement were tested. But both countries managed to resume talks, proving the robustness of the agreement. The present suspension appears graver, as it has occurred along with the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty and the closure of diplomatic lines.
After the Pahalgam attack, the pieces are clearly falling into place — Indus Water pressure, visa bans, diplomatic silence — none of this is random. It feels like part of a larger, coordinated strategy. The message is loud and clear: “India will no longer stay silent — it will respond.”
Is an Air Strike Coming?
Last time it was Pulwama. The response? Balakot. This time, the sentiment on the ground is even more charged. With military readiness, public anger, and geopolitical backing all aligning, a surgical strike or an air raid doesn’t seem far-fetched.
Is PM Modi Planning Something Big?
Elections are near, sure. But this goes beyond vote politics. Sources suggest that Modi isn’t just planning a retaliation — he’s planning a transformation. Talks of an unprecedented strategic move are in the air. This could be the boldest decision India has made in decades.
Are We Headed Toward World War 3?
“World War 3” might sound dramatic, but think again. The global chessboard is already on fire: Russia, Israel, Iran, China, NATO — and now, if India-Pak escalates, global alliances could get pulled in. The war might not be with tanks, but through cyber warfare, sanctions, energy wars, and strategic territory grabs.
Will Pakistan Fall Under Indian Control?
It may sound wild — but look deeper. With internal instability rising in Pakistan and international pressure mounting, PoK’s reintegration into India is no longer just a dream. Something massive might unfold — maybe not next week, but soon. A move that shakes up the subcontinent.
The question “What’s next?” has never been more critical. The answer?
Not just a response. A mission.
And it’s already in motion.
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